Additional Note: Telecom includes point-to-point communications services, including telephone voice and data communications, two-way mobile/cellular communications services and other nonvoice message communications services (e.g., email, fax). It includes wireless/mobile carriers, mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), satellite telecom providers, fixed-line broadcasters & ISPs (providers of physical wired internet, fiber, cable and traditional landline telephone services), unified communications as a service (UCaaS) platforms that merge voice, video conferencing, chat and file sharing into a service, cloud-based communication software and telecom infrastructure companies.
Methodology: Estimates are based on the analysis of various elements related to the ad spending market, including macro-level economic conditions; historical trends of the advertising market; historical trends of each medium in relation to other media; reported revenues from major ad publishers; estimates from other research firms; data from benchmark sources; consumer media consumption trends; consumer device usage trends; and EMARKETER interviews with executives at ad agencies, brands, media publishers and other industry leaders.